codegraph/docs/design/dynamic-dispatch-coverage-playbook.md

Dynamic-Dispatch Coverage Playbook

Audience: a Claude agent continuing this work. Mission: systematically close static-extraction coverage holes for dynamic dispatch across every language and framework codegraph supports, and validate each one the same way, so cross-symbol flows exist in the graph everywhere.

This is the top-level playbook. The deep design for one mechanism (the callback synthesizer) is in callback-edge-synthesis.md. Full investigation context + findings: auto-memory project_codegraph_read_displacement.

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1. The goal (why this matters)

codegraph's value is being the map — answering structural/flow questions (trace, impact, callers, "how does X reach Y") that grep/Read cannot. Agents will use codegraph instead of Read only when it is sufficient. We proved empirically (see memory) that the lever for sufficiency is coverage, not prompting/hooks/new-tools: when a flow is missing from the graph, the agent reads the files to reconstruct it; when the flow is in the graph, the agent can answer completely without reading.

Validated end-to-end on excalidraw: after closing the update-flow hole, 2/3 headless agent runs answered the "how does an update reach the screen" question with Read 0 and a complete answer — impossible before, because the key edge wasn't in the graph. (Caveat: coverage enables the no-read path; agent confirm-by-reading variance means it doesn't force it. Completeness improves unconditionally.)

The mission is to make that true for all languages/frameworks.

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2. The problem class: dynamic dispatch

Static tree-sitter extraction captures explicit calls (foo(), this.bar()). It misses any call whose target is computed/indirect. Four recurring shapes, with a difficulty gradient (do the cheap ones first):

#	Shape	Example	Fix mechanism	Cost
1	Named attribute / descriptor	django self._iterable_class(self)	framework resolver (claimsReference + resolve())	cheap
2	Field-backed observer	onUpdate(cb) + for(cb of cbs)cb()	callback synthesizer (whole-graph pass)	medium
3	String-keyed EventEmitter	on('e',fn) / emit('e')	callback synthesizer (event-keyed)	medium
4	Inline callback handler	on('e', function h(){}) / () => {}	extraction (named) + synthesizer link-through-body (anon)	named: cheap · anon: hard

Key distinction driving the mechanism choice:

• A named ref exists to resolve (_iterable_class is an attribute name) → resolver.
• No ref exists (cb() is anonymous; needs registrar↔dispatcher correlation) → synthesizer.

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3. Worked examples (the two mechanisms, end to end)

3a. Django ORM descriptor — the resolver pattern (Python)

• Hole: QuerySet._fetch_all calls self._iterable_class(self) (a runtime-chosen iterable, default ModelIterable), whose __iter__ runs the SQL compiler. Static parsing can't resolve the attribute-as-callable → _fetch_all's only callee was _prefetch_related_objects; trace(_fetch_all, execute_sql) returned no path.
• Fix: djangoResolver claims the unresolved _iterable_class ref through the name-exists pre-filter, then resolves it to ModelIterable.__iter__.
• Files: src/resolution/types.ts (claimsReference? on FrameworkResolver), src/resolution/index.ts (pre-filter in resolveOne consults claimsReference), src/resolution/frameworks/python.ts (djangoResolver.resolve + claimsReference + resolveModelIterableIter).
• Result: trace(_fetch_all, execute_sql) → _fetch_all → __iter__ → execute_sql (3 hops).

3b. Excalidraw observer + EventEmitter — the synthesizer (TS)

• Hole: Scene.triggerUpdate does for (cb of this.callbacks) cb(); triggerRender is registered via scene.onUpdate(this.triggerRender). The triggerUpdate → triggerRender edge is dynamic → trace returned no path; the whole update flow broke.
• Fix: a whole-graph pass that detects registrar/dispatcher channels, correlates registration sites, and synthesizes dispatcher → callback edges. Plus extraction of named inline callbacks so handlers like express's function onmount(){} are nodes.
• Files: src/resolution/callback-synthesizer.ts (the pass — field observers + EventEmitter), src/resolution/index.ts (calls synthesizeCallbackEdges() at the end of resolveAndPersistBatched), src/extraction/tree-sitter.ts (visitFunctionBody extracts named nested functions).
• Result: trace(mutateElement, triggerRender) → 3 hops; express use → onmount.

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4. The repeatable methodology (run this per language/framework)

Step 1 — Pick the framework's canonical flow question

Every framework has a signature data/control flow. Pick the "how does X reach/become Y" question and a real repo (add to .claude/skills/agent-eval/corpus.json). Examples:

• React state→DOM, Vue reactive→render, Svelte store→update
• Rails request→controller→view, Spring request→@Controller→service
• Express/Koa request→middleware→handler, FastAPI request→route→dependency
• Redux action→reducer→store, RxJS subscribe→operator→observer
• Any ORM: query builder → SQL execution (django pattern)

Step 2 — Measure the hole (deterministic, no agent)

rm -rf <repo>/.codegraph && ( cd <repo> && codegraph init -i )
node scripts/agent-eval/probe-trace.mjs <repo> <from-symbol> <to-symbol>   # does the flow break? where?
node scripts/agent-eval/probe-node.mjs  <repo> <break-symbol>              # trail: is the next hop missing?

A "No direct call path … breaks at dynamic dispatch" + a sparse trail at the break point locates the hole (this is exactly how _iterable_class and triggerUpdate were found). Confirm it's dynamic by reading the break symbol's body.

Step 3 — Classify → choose the mechanism (use the §2 table)

• self.<attr>(...) / descriptor / metaclass → resolver (§3a).
• for(cb of store)cb() / store.forEach(cb=>cb()) → field-observer synthesizer (§3b).
• on('e',fn) + emit('e') → EventEmitter synthesizer (§3b).
• Inline handler not a node → named: extraction (already done generically in tree-sitter.ts); anonymous: synthesizer link-through-body (not yet built).

Step 4 — Implement

• Resolver: add to src/resolution/frameworks/<lang>.ts — a resolve() branch + claimsReference(name) if the ref name isn't a declared symbol. Copy djangoResolver.
• Synthesizer channel: extend src/resolution/callback-synthesizer.ts — add the framework's registrar/dispatcher name patterns and body patterns (e.g. signals use .connect()/.emit(); Rx uses .subscribe()/.next()).
• Reindex (Step 2 command) and re-run probe-trace — the flow should now connect.

Step 5 — Validate (the same way every time)

1. Deterministic: probe-trace(from,to) finds the path; probe-node shows the bridged hop. The previously-broken hop is closed.
2. Precision: count + spot-check synthesized/resolved edges — no explosion, correct targets:

   sqlite3 <repo>/.codegraph/codegraph.db \
     "select s.name||' → '||t.name||'  '||coalesce(e.metadata,'') from edges e \
      join nodes s on e.source=s.id join nodes t on e.target=t.id where e.provenance='heuristic';"
   

   (Resolver edges aren't heuristic; verify via the trace + callees instead.)
3. Regression: node count stable (select count(*) from nodes; before/after — a big jump means an extraction change over-fired); existing traces on a control repo intact.
4. End-to-end agent eval: run the flow question with codegraph and measure reads / answer-completeness / cost vs a pre-fix baseline:

   # headless (exact cost + clean tool sequence)
   bash scripts/agent-eval/run-agent.sh <repo> with "<flow question>"
   # or the full A/B + interactive Explore-subagent path:
   scripts/agent-eval/audit.sh local <name> <url> "<flow question>" all
   

   Then parse: Read count, codegraph-tool count, cost, and whether the answer now contains the glue symbols (the ones that previously required a read).

Success criteria (per language/framework)

• trace finds the canonical flow end-to-end (no dynamic-dispatch break).
• Agent can answer the flow question with Read 0 (achievable in ≥ some runs) and the glue symbols appear in the answer.
• No node explosion and no regression on a control repo.
• Synthesized edges are precise on a spot-check (no generic-name over-linking).

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5. Validation toolkit (reference)

Tool	Purpose
scripts/agent-eval/probe-trace.mjs <repo> <from> <to>	call-path between two symbols (the hole detector)
scripts/agent-eval/probe-node.mjs <repo> <sym> [code]	symbol + trail (callers/callees); code adds the body
scripts/agent-eval/probe-context.mjs <repo> "<task>"	context output incl. call-paths
scripts/agent-eval/probe-explore.mjs <repo> "<query>"	explore output
scripts/agent-eval/{audit,run-agent,itrun}.sh	agent A/B (headless + interactive); also the /agent-eval skill
sqlite3 <repo>/.codegraph/codegraph.db	direct edge/node inspection (provenance, metadata, counts)

Probe scripts use the built dist/ — run npm run build first. Reindex after any extraction or resolution change (rm -rf <repo>/.codegraph && codegraph init -i) — the synthesizer/resolvers run at index time. Test fixtures: keep a tiny per-pattern fixture (see /tmp/cb-fixture/bus.js; move into __tests__/ when shipping).

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6. Coverage matrix (fill in as you go)

Status legend: ✅ done+validated · 🔬 hole identified · ⬜ not started. Mechanism: R = resolver, S = synthesizer channel, X = extraction.

Language	Framework(s)	Canonical flow to test	Mechanism	Status
TypeScript/JS	React / observer / EventEmitter / React Router	state→render; dispatch→callback; route→component	S + X	✅ rendering+dispatch (excalidraw); React Router JSX routing <Route path component={C}/> (v5) + element={<C/>} (v6) → component (react-realworld 0→10, 10/10). + object data-router createBrowserRouter([{path, element/Component}]) (literal form); Next.js config/nextjs-pages false-positives FIXED. 🔬 lazy data-router (path: paths.x.path, lazy: () => import() — variable paths + lazy modules)
TypeScript/JS	Vue / Nuxt	template events (@click→handler); component composition; reactive→render	S + X	✅ events + composition (vitepress S / vben M / element-plus L); 🔬 reactive→render (vue-core Proxy runtime — frontier, deferred)
TypeScript/JS	Svelte / SvelteKit	template calls/composition; SvelteKit action→api; store→DOM	X	✅ already strong (realworld S / skeleton M / shadcn L): template {fn()} calls, <Pascal/> composition, import * as api namespace, load→api all work out of the box. + exported-const object-of-functions extraction (SvelteKit actions). 🔬 $lib-namespace-from-action + store/reactive frontier
TypeScript/JS	Express / Koa	request → route → handler → service	R + X	✅ named handlers + middleware + controller/service (resolver) + inline arrow handlers → service body calls (realworld S 19 / parse M / ghost L 65 edges). 🔬 custom routers (payload had 0 routes — not app.get-style)
TypeScript/JS	NestJS	request → @Controller → DI service → repo	R	✅ already well-covered (realworld S / immich M-L / amplication L): @decorator routes (HTTP/GraphQL/microservice/WS) via resolver + DI this.svc.method() controller→service resolves correctly at scale (name + co-location). No dynamic-dispatch hole. 🔬 committed dist/ build output gets indexed (realworld) — general build-dir-ignore follow-up
TypeScript/JS	RxJS / signals	subscribe → operator → observer	S	⬜
Python	Django ORM	QuerySet → SQL compiler	R	✅
Python	Django / DRF (views)	url → view → model	R + X	✅ url→view (path/url/as_view) + DRF router.register→ViewSet (realworld S / wagtail M / saleor L); ORM QuerySet→SQL (prior work). 🔬 signals (post_save→receiver), DRF viewset CRUD actions (inherited), saleor GraphQL resolvers
Python	Flask / FastAPI	request → route → handler → dependency	R + X	✅ Flask: handler resolved across intervening decorators (@login_required) + stacked @x.route lines (microblog S 6→27, redash L decorator routes 6/6); FastAPI: empty-path router-root routes @router.get("") incl. multi-line (realworld S 12→20 / Netflix dispatch L 290/290 100%) + bare-name builtin guard — a handler named after a Python builtin method (index/get/update/count…) was filtered as a builtin and lost its route→handler edge. + Flask-RESTful add_resource(Resource,'/x') → Resource class (redash 6→77) + tuple methods=('GET',) (was mislabeled GET) + broadened detection (requirements/Pipfile/setup + subdir app-factory entrypoints — flask-realworld 0→19). 🔬 FastAPI Depends() dependency edges (light validation)
Go	Gin / chi / gorilla/mux / net-http	request → route → handler → service	X	✅ routes on ANY group var (v1.GET, PublicGroup.GET) not just r/router (gin-vue-admin S→M 4→259 / realworld S / gitness L) — was missing all group-routed apps; named handlers resolve precisely. gorilla/mux confirmed covered by the any-receiver HandleFunc/Handle handling (subrouter-var s.HandleFunc(...) + namespaced handlers; .Methods() chain ignored). 🔬 inline func(c){} handlers (anonymous, body lost); subrouter/PathPrefix path-prefix not prepended (label only); gitness chi custom (26/321)
Rust	Axum / actix / Rocket	request → route → handler	R + X	✅ Axum chained methods + namespaced handlers — .route("/x", get(h1).post(h2)) emitted only the first method+handler, and get(mod::handler) captured the module not the fn (realworld-axum S 12→19, 19/19); balanced-paren scan + per-method nodes + last-::-segment handler. Rocket attribute macros 550/556 (99%) (Rocket repo L) — already strong. crates.io named axum routes resolve (6/8; rest are closures/var handlers; its API is mostly the utoipa routes! macro = frontier). Cargo-workspace module resolution (prior work). actix builder API web::resource("/x").route(web::get().to(h)) / .to(h) / App .route("/x", web::get().to(h)) (actix-examples 51→128 routes, 35→112 resolved) — was the dominant actix style and fully missed (the handler is in .to(h), not get(h)). 🔬 actix web::scope("/api") prefix (not prepended to nested resource paths) + anonymous .to closure handlers
Java	Spring	request → @RestController → @Autowired service → repo	R + X	✅ bare @GetMapping/@PostMapping + class @RequestMapping prefix join → route→method (realworld S / mall M / halo L) — was missing all path-less method mappings; DI controller→service resolves (name + dir) + interface→impl dispatch synthesizer (interfaceOverrideEdges: a class's implements/extends → link each interface/base method → its same-name override; JVM-gated, capped, overload-aware; mall 310 / halo 734 synth edges, node count unchanged) so trace follows controller→service-interface→impl instead of dead-ending at the abstract method — trace("PmsProductController.getList","PmsProductServiceImpl.list") connects in 3 hops (probe-validated). ⚠️ agent A/B null (n=2: the agent went context→explore→Read and never invoked trace, so the synth edges weren't exercised — adoption-gated, the recurring wall; see docs/benchmarks/call-sequence-analysis.md). The fix is correct + improves trace/callees/impact/context connectivity regardless; agent-visible read reduction needs trace adoption. 🔬 Spring Data JPA derived queries (findByEmail) — metaprogramming frontier
Kotlin	Spring Boot / Jetpack Compose	request → @RestController → service; @Composable → child	R + X	✅ Spring Boot Kotlin — the Spring resolver was ['java']-only with a Java-syntax method regex (public X name()); extended to .kt + Kotlin fun name( handler matching (petclinic-kotlin 0→18, 18/18; class-prefix joins; DI controller→repo resolves — showOwner ← GET /owners/{ownerId} → OwnerRepository.findById). Compose composition already static (@Composable→child are plain function calls — Jetcaster PodcastInformation→HtmlTextContainer). Java Spring unchanged (realworld 19/19). 🔬 Ktor routing { get("/x"){…} } lambda handlers (anonymous) + Compose recomposition (implicit mutableStateOf, no setState gate) + coroutines/Flow
Swift	Vapor	request → route → controller	R + X	✅ was 0 routes on every real app — the extractor required an app/router/routes receiver + a "path" literal, but real Vapor routes on grouped builders (let todos = routes.grouped("todos"); todos.get(use: index)) with NO path arg. Rewrote: any receiver, optional/non-string path segments, .grouped/.group{} prefix tracking, use: discriminator. vapor-template S 0→3 (3/3, nested /todos/:todoID), SteamPress M 0→27 (27/27), SwiftPackageIndex-Server L 0→14 (14/14 handler resolution). 🔬 typed-route enums (SPI SiteURL.x.pathComponents — path label only, handler still resolves) + closure handlers app.get("x"){ } (anonymous)
C#	ASP.NET Core	request → [Http*] action → DI service → EF	X	✅ feature-folder detection (realworld 0→19 — was undetected) + bare [HttpGet] + class [Route] prefix (eShopOnWeb 9→33 / jellyfin L) — co-located so no claimsReference needed. 🔬 EF Core LINQ/DbSet (metaprogramming frontier)
Ruby	Rails / Sinatra	request → routes.rb → Controller#action → model	R	✅ RESTful resources/resource routing → controller#action (realworld S 16 / spree M / forem L), pluralization + only/except + claimsReference; explicit routes fixed to precise controller#action too. 🔬 ActiveRecord dynamic finders (Article.find_by_slug) — metaprogramming frontier
PHP	Laravel	request → route → controller → Eloquent	R	✅ precise Route::get([Ctrl::class,'m']) / 'Ctrl@m' → Ctrl@method (realworld S / firefly M / bookstack L) — was resolving the bare method name to the WRONG controller (every index→ArticleController); Route::resource→controller. 🔬 Eloquent dynamic finders/relationships (metaprogramming frontier)
PHP	Drupal	request → *.routing.yml → _controller/_form	R	✅ claimsReference for FQCN handlers (\Drupal\…\Class::method passed the pre-filter only because the ::method name was known; bare _form FQCNs \…\FormClass and single-colon Class:method controller-services were dropped before resolve()) + single-colon controller match + detect via composer type:drupal-* / name:drupal/* + *.info.yml fallback (a contrib module with empty require was undetected → 0 routes). admin_toolbar S 0→14 (14/14) / webform M 208 (144) / core L 836 (536→731, 87%). Remainder is the entity-annotation handler frontier (_entity_form: type.op resolves via the entity's PHP #[ContentEntityType] handlers, not a direct class). 🔬 OOP #[Hook] attributes — Drupal 11 moved ~all procedural hooks to attribute methods (core: 418 #[Hook] files vs 3 procedural), so the resolver's docblock/module_hook detection is obsolete for modern core (0 hook edges)
C/C++	C++ vtables / inheritance	virtual call → override; general direct dispatch	S + X	✅ general dispatch strong (redis C 29k cross-file calls / leveldb C++ 1.4k) + C++ inheritance extraction fix (base_class_clause was unhandled, so C++ extends edges were missing — leveldb 219→298) + cpp-override synthesizer (base virtual method → subclass override, gated to C++, capped — leveldb 12 precise: Iterator::Next→MergingIterator). 🔬 C callback structs (s->fn() → 422-way fan-out, too noisy to synthesize) + C++ pure-virtual base methods (virtual void f()=0; declarations aren't extracted as nodes, so those overrides can't bridge)
Dart	Flutter	setState → build; build → child widgets	S + X	✅ setState→build synthesizer (Dart analog of react-render: a State method whose body calls setState( → build) gated to .dart + foundational Dart method-range fix — Dart models a method body as a sibling of the signature, so method nodes were signature-only (end==start); now endLine spans the body (required for ALL body analysis: callees, context slices, the synthesizer's body scan). counter initState→build, books build→BookDetail/BookForm; widget composition already static (compass_app build→ErrorIndicator/HomeButton). Controls unchanged (excalidraw 9,290 / django 302 — the range fix only extends sibling-body grammars). 🔬 MVVM Command/ChangeNotifier dispatch (compass_app — no setState) + Navigator.push(MaterialPageRoute(builder:)) nav routes
Lua / Luau	Neovim / Roblox	module dispatch (require→mod, mod.fn); event/callback	—	✅ already covered for the dominant flow (measure-first, no code change) — Neovim is module-heavy (require('x') + x.fn()), and the general import + name resolution already handles it: telescope.nvim 220 imports + 335 cross-file mod.fn calls, traces end-to-end (map_entries ← init.lua → get_current_picker (state.lua)). Luau instance-path require(game:GetService(...)) handled by the extractor. 🔬 event-callback registration (vim.keymap.set(…, fn), autocmd callback=, Roblox signal:Connect(fn)) is predominantly INLINE anonymous closures (corpus ~12 inline vs ~2 named) — the anonymous-handler frontier; named handlers too rare to justify a synthesizer
Scala	Play / Akka	request → conf/routes → controller action	R + X	✅ Play conf/routes → controller — the extensionless conf/routes wasn't indexed; added narrow file-walk opt-in (isPlayRoutesFile) + a Play resolver parsing METHOD /path Controller.action(args) → the action method (computer-database 0→8, 7/8; starter 0→4, 3/4 — the unresolved are Play's framework Assets controller, external). Scala general controller→DAO dispatch already resolves. No-regression: the file-walk change only ADDS Play routes files (excalidraw 9,290 / suite 800 unchanged). 🔬 SIRD programmatic router (-> /v1 Router include + case GET(p"/x") in code) + Akka actor receive/Behaviors.receiveMessage message→handler

(Verify the exact supported set against src/extraction/languages/ and src/resolution/frameworks/ before starting — this table is a starting point.)

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7. Known limits & gotchas (from the excalidraw/django work)

• Coverage enables, doesn't force, the no-read path. Agents still read to confirm source sometimes; cost stays ~flat (codegraph calls trade for reads). The reliable win is completeness + making Read-0 possible. Don't expect a guaranteed cost drop.
• Vue (validated 2026-05-23, vitepress S / vben M / element-plus L). SFC <template> is unparsed by the extractor, so template usage needs synthesis (vueTemplateEdges): @click="fn" → handler, kebab <el-button> → ElButton. PascalCase <Child/> is already covered by the JSX channel (the SFC component node spans the template). Result: agent reads drop in every size (vben login 1–3 vs 4–11), strongest where handlers are local functions (vben handleLogin/handleSubmit). Composable-destructure handlers RESOLVED: @click="closeSidebar" where const { close: closeSidebar } = useSidebarControl() now follows alias → composable → the returned close fn (when it's defined in the composable's file). vitepress sidebar flow dropped 6 → 0 reads (best case). Precise-only — no fallback to the composable itself (the static useX() call edge already covers that), so it adds nothing where the returned fn can't be located (e.g. re-exported / external composable). Remaining limits: prefix-convention kebab — element-plus el-button → button.vue (component named button, not ElButton), so kebab stays unresolved there; and reactive→render (vue-core Proxy runtime) — the deep framework-internal frontier, deferred.
• Svelte / SvelteKit (validated 2026-05-23, realworld S / skeleton M / shadcn L) — already well-covered. Unlike Vue, the .svelte extractor already parses the template: extractTemplateCalls ({fn()}), extractTemplateComponents (<Pascal/> composition — skeleton 956 / shadcn 1610 reference edges), plus import * as api namespace + load→api resolution all work. Agent A/B (realworld login): with codegraph 1 read vs without 4 — codegraph already wins out of the box. The one extraction gap was object-of-functions (export const actions = { default: async () => {} }; the walker deliberately skips object-literal functions to avoid inline-object noise). Fixed for EXPORTED consts (general — Redux/Express handler maps too); extractFunction nameOverride keeps inline-object arrows skipped. Residual: a $lib-alias namespace call (api.post) from an extracted action node doesn't resolve even though the same alias resolves for load — a deeper resolver interaction, deferred (local/relative calls from actions connect). Lesson: measure before assuming a hole — modern Svelte barely uses on:click={fn} (form actions / callback props instead), so the assumed event-handler hole wasn't the real one; Svelte needed far less than Vue.
• Express / Koa (validated 2026-05-23, realworld S / parse M / ghost L) — high-value inline-handler fix. The resolver already handled named handlers, middleware, and XController.method/XService.method. The real hole was inline arrow route handlers (router.post('/x', async (req,res) => {...}) — the dominant modern pattern): the handler regex [^)]+ broke on the arrow's ), so the route connected to NOTHING and the anonymous handler's body (the request→service flow) was lost. The entire inline-handler API was unreachable (realworld POST /users/login → 0 edges). Fixed (frameworks/express.ts): span the call with a string-aware balanced scan; for inline arrows, extract the body's calls (RESERVED-filtered to drop res/req/builtins) and attribute them to the route node → realworld 19 / ghost 65 precise route→service edges (POST /users/login→login, POST /articles→createArticle, …), no node explosion, framework-scoped (zero blast radius off Express). Deterministic win is clear; the agent A/B is muddied by repo characteristics — realworld (39 files) is below the size where codegraph beats reading, and Ghost's layered custom-API architecture makes both arms thrash. Residual: custom routers — payload's 6.4k-file codebase had 0 routes (its router abstraction isn't app.get-style, so undetected). Lesson inverse of Svelte: Express's dominant pattern WAS the uncovered one, so it needed real work like Vue.
• NestJS (validated 2026-05-23, realworld S / immich M-L / amplication L) — already well-covered. The nestjs resolver handles @decorator routes (HTTP/GraphQL/microservice/WS). DI controller→service (this.svc.method()) resolves correctly even at scale — every immich controller→service edge hit the right same-module service (addUsersToAlbum→addUsers, getMyApiKey→getMine, copyAsset→copy) via name + co-location, no type_of edge needed. Agent A/B (immich album flow): codegraph eliminated Grep (0 vs 3) tracing route→controller→service. No dynamic-dispatch hole. One GENERAL hygiene gap surfaced (not NestJS-specific): the realworld example commits its dist/ build output, which codegraph indexes (246 dup nodes) because the file walk only respects .gitignore with no default build-dir ignore. Real apps (immich/amplication) gitignore dist/ (0 dup nodes), so it's narrow — a default ignore for dist/build/out/.next/coverage is a clean follow-up, deferred (core-indexer change, the user's call).
• Rails (validated 2026-05-23, realworld S / spree M / forem L) — high-value RESTful-routing fix. The rails resolver only saw explicit get '/x' => 'c#a' routes, so resource-routed apps (the dominant pattern) had ZERO route nodes (realworld + spree). Fixed (frameworks/ruby.ts): expand resources :x / resource :x into their RESTful actions (only/except filters + pluralization for the singular resource), reference a precise controller#action, and resolve that to the action method in <ctrl>_controller.rb (explicit routes fixed too — they referenced a bare ambiguous action). realworld 0→16, forem 0→635 precise route→action edges. Agent A/B (forem comment-creation, large): codegraph 1–4 reads / 0 grep / 47–53s vs without 4–5 reads / 2–3 grep / 66–85s — fewer reads, no grep, faster. The claimsReference pre-filter was the gotcha: articles#index names no declared symbol, so resolveOne dropped it before resolve() ran — needed the same claim hook as the django ORM work. Residuals: Rails Engine routing (spree still 0 — it mounts an engine, not config/routes.rb resources); ActiveRecord dynamic finders (Article.find_by_slug — metaprogramming frontier).
• Spring (validated 2026-05-23, realworld S / mall M / halo L) — bare-mapping + class-prefix routing fix. The resolver required a string path in the mapping regex, so BARE method mappings (@PostMapping with the path on the class @RequestMapping) — the dominant multi-method-controller pattern — were missed (halo had 28 routes for 2444 files; realworld's 2-action favorite controller linked only one). Fix (frameworks/java.ts): treat class @RequestMapping as a PREFIX (joined, not a bogus route); match verb-specific mappings BARE-or-with-path; also handle method-level @RequestMapping(method=...) (older style). realworld 13→19, mall →246 precise route→method (class prefix joined); DI controller→service resolves (article→findBySlug). Agent A/B (mall cart flow): with codegraph 0 reads/0 grep vs without 2/2. A first cut regressed mall 292→1 by dropping @RequestMapping-on-method — caught by the cross-repo route-count check; the playbook's regression guard earns its keep. Residuals: halo's custom patterns (9/29 resolve); Spring Data JPA derived queries (metaprogramming frontier).
• Django / DRF (validated 2026-05-23, realworld S / wagtail M / saleor L) — mostly covered + a DRF-router fix. The ORM (_iterable_class→ModelIterable, the original investigation) and URL routing (path/url/as_view→view) were already done. The one hole: DRF router.register(r'articles', ArticleViewSet) (the core CRUD endpoints) wasn't extracted — only path()/url() were. Fix (frameworks/python.ts): match router.register (the STRING first arg separates it from admin.register(Model, Admin), whose first arg is a model class) → route→ViewSet class. Narrow in this corpus (realworld has 1 router; wagtail uses path(), saleor is GraphQL) but real for DRF-router APIs. Agent A/B (wagtail Page flow, medium): codegraph 4–7 reads / 1–4 grep / 58–81s vs without 7–9 reads / 6 grep / 82–86s — fewer reads, fewer greps, faster. No regression (wagtail/saleor route counts unchanged — purely additive). Residuals: signals (post_save→receiver), DRF viewset CRUD actions (inherited from the base class, not in the user's ViewSet), saleor's GraphQL resolvers.
• Laravel (validated 2026-05-23, realworld S / firefly M / bookstack L) — route precision fix. The resolver discarded the controller from the handler: Route::get([UserController::class,'index']) / 'UserController@index' emitted a BARE index ref, which name-matching mis-resolved to the WRONG controller (every index/show → whichever it found first; realworld GET user → ArticleController.index, should be UserController). Fix (frameworks/laravel.ts): emit precise Controller@method (array + string syntax, namespace-stripped) + claimsReference it past the pre-filter → existing Pattern-4 resolveControllerMethod. realworld all routes correct; bookstack 267/332 precise (GET pages → PageApiController.list). Agent A/B (bookstack page-view, large): codegraph 2–3 reads / 1–2 grep / 51–60s vs without 4–6 / 3–5 / 60–74s. No node explosion. Residuals: firefly resolves only 3/568 (its fluent ->uses() / ['uses'=>...] handler format isn't parsed); Eloquent dynamic finders (metaprogramming frontier).
• Gin / chi (validated 2026-05-23, realworld S / gin-vue-admin M / gitness L) — group-var routing fix. The route regex matched only (router|r|mux|app|e).METHOD(...), but real apps route on GROUP vars (v1.GET, PublicGroup.GET, userRouter.POST), so group-routed apps connected almost nothing (gin-vue-admin: 4 routes for 625 files). Fix (frameworks/go.ts): broaden the receiver to ANY identifier — the verb + string-path + handler-arg gates keep it route-specific (http.Get(url) has no handler arg → excluded). gin-vue-admin 4→259 routes (257 resolve precisely: POST createInfo → CreateInfo); realworld stable (no regression); no garbage. Agent A/B (create-user flow): codegraph 0 reads / 0 grep / 26–30s vs without 3 / 3 / 52–53s — cleanest backend win yet (0/0, 2× faster). Residuals: inline func(c *gin.Context){} handlers (anonymous, body lost — like Express before its fix); gitness's chi custom handlers (26/321).
• ASP.NET Core (validated 2026-05-23, realworld S / eShopOnWeb M / jellyfin L) — detection + bare-attribute fix. Two holes: (1) detect() only fired on a /Controllers/ dir or root Program.cs/.csproj (which often isn't in the indexed source set), so feature-folder apps (realworld: Features/*/FooController.cs, subdir Program.cs) were NEVER detected → 0 routes despite a full controller set. Broaden: scan Controller/Program/Startup .cs for ASP.NET signatures. (2) the attribute regex required a string path → bare [HttpGet] (route on the class [Route("[controller]")]) missed (eShopOnWeb was 24 bare / 2 string). Match bare-or-path + join the class [Route] prefix (like Spring). No claimsReference needed — ASP.NET attribute routes are co-located IN the controller with the action, so the bare method ref resolves same-file (unlike Rails/Laravel, whose routes live in a separate file). realworld 0→19, eShopOnWeb 9→33, jellyfin 362→399, all precise (GET /articles → Get, class prefix joined), no explosion. Agent A/B (eShop catalog listing): codegraph 1–2 reads / 0 grep / 63–75s vs without 6–7 / 1–6 / 77–79s. Residual: EF Core LINQ/DbSet (metaprogramming frontier).
• Flask / FastAPI (validated 2026-05-23, fastapi-realworld S / flask-microblog S / Netflix dispatch L / redash L) — decorator-extraction + builtin-name fixes. Routes were extracted but the request→route→handler flow broke at two regex assumptions and one resolver filter. (1) Flask required def immediately after @x.route(...), so any intervening decorator (@login_required, @cache.cached) or stacked @x.route lines (one view bound to several URLs) dropped the route — microblog extracted 6 of 27 real routes. Switched Flask to FastAPI's findHandler scan (match the decorator, then find the next def), skipping intervening decorators: 6→27, all resolved. (2) FastAPI's path regex [^'"]+ rejected the empty path @router.get("") (router/prefix-root routes, frequently multi-line) → realworld lost 8 endpoints (list/create article, comments, login/register). [^'"]+→[^'"]* + empty-path name guard: realworld 12→20, Netflix dispatch 290/290 (100%). (3) Bare-name builtin guard (src/resolution/index.ts): a handler named after a Python builtin method (index, get, update, count…) was filtered by isBuiltInOrExternal and lost its route→handler edge — microblog's index view (its / + /index stacked routes) resolved to nothing. The dotted-method branch already had a knownNames guard; mirrored it onto the bare branch (a name a declared symbol owns is not a builtin call). +2 legit edges on realworld, 0 change on the django control (302/373 identical — precision held). Flows trace end-to-end (login → get_user_by_email 2 hops; create_user → from_dict). Agent A/B (realworld login-auth flow, n=2/arm): codegraph 0–1 read / 0 grep / 3–4 codegraph / 30–39s (context→[search]→trace→node) vs without 3 read / 2 grep / 33–36s — eliminates grep, cuts reads to 0–1 (small repo, so wall-clock ties; the tool-count drop is the win). Residuals: Flask-RESTful class-based api.add_resource(Resource,'/x') (redash's actual API shape — a separate class-method-as-verb mechanism, NOT the README's documented decorator/blueprint Flask) and a pre-existing JS file-route false-positive in redash's React frontend (32 bogus .js "routes" from a JS resolver — unrelated to Python). Lesson: the builtin-name filter is a silent precision tax across Python — any view/function named get/index/update loses edges; the fix is general (helps Django/DRF handlers too), not Flask-specific.
• Drupal (validated 2026-05-23, admin_toolbar S / webform M / drupal-core L) — pre-filter + detection fixes. The *.routing.yml extractor and the _controller/_form resolver already existed but two gaps kept most routes unlinked. (1) The claimsReference pre-filter gotcha (again): Drupal handler refs are FQCNs (\Drupal\…\Class::method), bare form classes (\…\SettingsForm), or single-colon controller-services (\…\Controller:method). Only the ::method shape survived resolveOne's pre-filter (its member is a known method name); the bare-FQCN forms and single-colon controllers named no declared symbol and were dropped before resolve() ran. Added claimsReference (FQCN / Class:method / hook_*) + a single-colon branch in the controller regex → core 536→731 of 836 routes (87%); all three previously-broken shapes now resolve (/admin/content/comment→CommentAdminOverview form, /big_pipe/no-js→setNoJsCookie controller). (2) Detection missed standalone contrib modules: detect() only checked composer require for a drupal/* dep, but a contrib module often has an EMPTY require and is identified only by "name":"drupal/<m>" + "type":"drupal-module" (admin_toolbar → 0 routes). Broadened to composer name/type
  • a *.info.yml fallback → admin_toolbar 0→14 (14/14). Canonical flow traverses (getAnnouncements ← /admin/announcements_feed); node count unchanged (resolution-only). Agent A/B (dblog route→controller, n=2/arm): codegraph 0 read / 1 grep / 20–22s vs without 1 read / 2 grep + glob / 28–32s — fewer tools and faster on the ~10k-file core. Residuals (frontier): entity-annotation handlers (_entity_form: comment.default → handler classes declared in the entity's #[ContentEntityType] annotation, not a direct ref — ~78 of core's ~105 remaining unresolved) and OOP #[Hook] attributes — Drupal 11 converted nearly all procedural hooks to #[Hook('event')] methods (core: 418 attribute files vs 3 procedural *.module hooks), so the resolver's procedural-hook detection (docblock @Implements / module_hook naming) finds essentially nothing in modern core (0 hook edges). Both are real follow-ups, not regressions.
• Rust / Axum + Rocket + actix (validated 2026-05-23, realworld-axum S / actix-examples + Rocket M / crates.io L) — Axum chained-method + namespaced-handler fix. The attribute-macro path (#[get("/x")] fn h, actix/Rocket) and single Axum .route("/x", get(h)) already worked, but the Axum extractor used a flat regex that captured only the FIRST method(handler) of a route and only a bare \w+ handler. Two dominant Axum idioms broke it: (1) method chains .route("/user", get(get_current_user).put(update_user)) — the .put arm produced NO route node, so half the API was missing (realworld-axum had only the GET of each chain); (2) namespaced handlers get(listing::feed_articles) — \w+ captured listing (the module), so the route resolved to nothing. Rewrote with a balanced-paren scan of each .route(...) call, a per-method node, and last-::-segment handler names → realworld-axum 12→19 routes, 19/19 resolved (every chained PUT/DELETE/POST now present; feed_articles resolves). Rocket needed nothing (550/556, 99% — attribute macros). crates.io confirms namespaced axum handlers resolve (router.rs 6/6) but defines most of its API via the utoipa_axum routes! macro (frontier) and has a SvelteKit frontend (42 of its 50 "routes" are +page.svelte, correctly attributed to SvelteKit). Agent A/B (update-user flow, n=2/arm): codegraph 0–2 read / 0 grep / 32–40s vs without 3 read / 0–1 grep + glob / 33–41s — modest (realworld-axum is in the small-repo tie zone) but consistent, with one fully-clean 0-read/0-grep run. Node count stable; the Axum fix is Axum-scoped (the attribute/actix/Rocket path is untouched).
• Actix runtime routing (validated 2026-05-23, actix-examples) — the builder API was the dominant style and fully missed. Actix's attribute macros (#[get("/x")] fn h) were covered, but real actix apps route via the builder API: web::resource("/path").route(web::get().to(handler)), web::resource("/").to(handler) (all methods), and App-level .route("/path", web::get().to(handler)). The handler lives in .to(handler), not get(handler), so the Axum .route scan extracted nothing for them — actix-examples had 80 web::resource calls all unlinked. Added an actix block: scan each web::resource("/path") (bounding its method chain at the next resource to avoid bleed) for web::METHOD().to(h) pairs, fall back to a direct .to(h) (method ANY), plus the App-level .route("/x", web::METHOD().to(h)) form. actix-examples 51→128 routes, 35→112 resolved (87.5%) (GET /user/{name}→with_param, POST /user→add_user). No regression on Axum (realworld-axum still 19/19) — the actix patterns (web::resource/web::method().to()) don't appear in Axum code. Residuals (frontier): web::scope("/api") prefixes aren't prepended to nested resource paths, and anonymous .to(|req| …) closure handlers have no named target (the ~16 still-unresolved).
• Swift / Vapor (validated 2026-05-23, vapor-template S / SteamPress M / SwiftPackageIndex-Server L) — the resolver was effectively dead on real apps. The Vapor extractor only matched (app|router|routes).METHOD("path", use: handler), but modern Vapor routes on a grouped builder inside RouteCollection.boot(routes:): let todos = routes.grouped("todos"); todos.get(use: index) — any var receiver, NO path arg (the path is the group prefix). Every real app tested extracted 0 routes (template, penny-bot, Feather, SteamPress, SPI). Rewrote the extractor: (1) any receiver \w+ (not just app/router/routes); (2) optional path segments that may be non-string (User.parameter, :id, a path constant) — the use: keyword is the discriminator separating a route from Environment.get("X") / req.parameters.get("X"); (3) a group-prefix map from let X = Y.grouped("a") and Y.group("a") { X in } so a route on a grouped/nested var gets the full path (todo.delete(use: delete) → DELETE /todos/:todoID). Result: vapor-template 0→3 (3/3, nested path exact), SteamPress 0→27 (27/27, incl. BlogPost.parameter routes), SPI 0→14 (14/14 handler resolution). Canonical flow traverses (createPostHandler ← GET /createPost, → createPostView). Residuals (frontier): typed-route enums (SPI registers via app.get(SiteURL.x.pathComponents, use:) — handler resolves but the path label is /, no string literal) and closure handlers (app.get("hello") { req in } — anonymous, no named target). penny-bot (Discord bot) and Feather (custom module router) have no standard Vapor routing at all — the Vapor ecosystem's routing styles vary widely. Agent A/B (create-post flow, n=2/arm): codegraph 0 read / 0 grep / 4 codegraph / 26–30s (both runs fully clean) vs without 1–4 read / 0–2 grep + glob/bash, one run spawned a sub-agent / 34–48s. Node count stable; fix is Vapor-scoped (SwiftUI/UIKit untouched).
• React Router routing (validated 2026-05-23, react-realworld S) — the routing half of the React row. React rendering (state→render, jsx-child) was already covered; route→component was NOT — react.ts extracted components/hooks and Next.js file routes but returned references: [], so <Route> declarations produced nothing. Added <Route> JSX extraction: scan a window after each <Route\b (so the nested > in element={<Comp/>} doesn't truncate it), pull path="…" + component={C} (v5) or element={<C/>} (v6) in any attribute order, emit a route node + component reference (resolves via the existing PascalCase resolveComponent). react-realworld 0→10, 10/10 (/login→Login, /editor/:slug→Editor, /@:username→Profile); <Routes> container excluded via the \b boundary. No regression on excalidraw (9,290 nodes, 46 react-render synth edges intact, 0 false routes). 🔬 the object data-router API createBrowserRouter([{ path, element }]) (modern v6, used by bulletproof-react) is object-based not JSX — a separate frontier; plus a pre-existing Next.js false-positive (*.config.mjs in a pages/ app dir treated as a route).
• Dart / Flutter (validated 2026-05-23, flutter/samples: counter S / books S / compass_app M) — synthesizer + a foundational extractor fix. Flutter's reactive hop is setState(() {…}) re-running build(context) — framework-internal, no static edge, so "tap → handler → setState → rebuilt UI" dead-ends at setState (the Dart analog of React's setState→render). Added a flutter-build synthesizer channel (Phase 4b): for each Dart class with a build method, link every sibling method whose body calls setState( → build (gated to .dart). But it was blocked by a foundational gap: Dart models a method body as a sibling of the method_signature node, so every Dart method node had endLine == startLine (signature only) — sliceLines(start,end) saw only void f() {, never the body. Fixed in the shared createNode: when a function/method's resolved body sits beyond the node, extend endLine to it (guarded — child-body grammars are a no-op; controls excalidraw 9,290 / django 302 unchanged). This fix is foundational, not Flutter-specific — every Dart callee/context/body scan was previously truncated. Result: counter initState→build, books initState→build + build→BookDetail/BookForm. Widget composition needs no synthesis — unlike JSX, Dart widgets are explicit constructor calls (BookDetail(...)), already static (compass_app build→ErrorIndicator/HomeButton/_Card). Residuals (frontier): MVVM state management (compass_app uses Command/ChangeNotifier + ListenableBuilder, 0 setState — a different dispatch shape) and Navigator.push(MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => DetailPage())) navigation (route-as-widget, uncovered).
• Kotlin / Spring Boot + Jetpack Compose (validated 2026-05-23, spring-petclinic-kotlin S / compose-samples) — extend Spring to Kotlin; Compose is free. Kotlin had ZERO framework coverage — no resolver listed kotlin, and the Spring resolver was languages: ['java'] with a .java-only extract gate and a Java-syntax handler regex (public X name()). So Spring Boot Kotlin apps (identical @GetMapping/@RestController annotations, .kt files) extracted 0 routes. Extended the Spring resolver: ['java','kotlin'], accept .kt, and add a Kotlin fun name( alternative to the handler-method regex (Kotlin has no access modifier and the return type follows the name). petclinic-kotlin 0→18, 18/18; class @RequestMapping prefixes join, stacked annotations (@ResponseBody) are skipped, DI controller→repo resolves (showOwner ← GET /owners/{ownerId} → OwnerRepository.findById / VisitRepository.findByPetId). Java Spring unchanged (realworld 19/19 — the Kotlin fun and Java public X alternatives are disjoint per language). Jetpack Compose composition needs no work — @Composable functions calling child @Composables are plain Kotlin function calls, already static (Jetcaster PodcastInformation→HtmlTextContainer, FollowedPodcastCarouselItem→PodcastImage), like Dart widget constructors. Agent A/B (view-owner flow, n=2/arm): codegraph 0–1 read / 0 grep / 1 codegraph / 11–18s (a single context call answers it) vs without 2 read / 0–1 grep + glob / 20–28s. Residuals (frontier): Ktor routing { get("/x") { … } } inline-lambda handlers (anonymous, no named target), Compose recomposition (implicit — reading mutableStateOf triggers recompose, no setState-style gate to anchor a synthesizer), and coroutines/Flow dispatch.
• Lua / Luau (validated 2026-05-23, telescope.nvim / lualine.nvim / Knit — measure-first, already covered). The matrix guessed "event/callback dispatch (synthesizer)", but measurement says otherwise: real Neovim plugins are MODULE-dispatch-heavy (local m = require('telescope.actions'); m.fn()), and codegraph's general require-import + cross-file name resolution already handles it — telescope.nvim has 220 resolved imports and 335 cross-file module.fn call edges, and a flow traces end-to-end (map_entries ← init.lua → get_current_picker in actions/state.lua). The Luau extractor already handles Roblox instance-path requires (require(game:GetService("ReplicatedStorage").Packages.Knit)). The assumed hole isn't real — like Svelte/NestJS. The genuine frontier is event-callback registration (vim.keymap.set(mode, lhs, fn), autocmd {callback=fn}, Roblox signal:Connect(fn)), but it's predominantly INLINE anonymous closures (corpus: ~12 inline :Connect(function…) vs ~2 named), and telescope's keymaps are inline functions or vim-command STRINGS, not named refs. A named-only callback synthesizer would cover a tiny fraction, so per "measure before building / partial coverage is worse than none", none was built — no code change; recorded as validated. Agent A/B (actions.utils map flow, n=2/arm): codegraph 0 read / 0 grep / 18–24s vs without 1 read (+glob) / 24–25s — small flow so modest, but the 0-read confirms the module dispatch is navigable.
• Scala / Play (validated 2026-05-23, play-samples: computer-database / starter / rest-api) — Play conf/routes → controller. Scala's general dispatch (controller→DAO) already resolves, but Play declares routes in an EXTENSIONLESS conf/routes file (GET /computers controllers.Application.list(p: Int ?= 0)) the file walk never indexed (isSourceFile requires an extension). Added a narrow opt-in (isPlayRoutesFile: conf/routes / *.routes) routed through the no-grammar (yaml-style) path, plus a Play resolver that parses each METHOD /path Controller.action(args) line (dropping package prefix + args) and resolves Controller.action to the action method in that controller class. computer-database 0→8 routes, 7/8 (the 1 unresolved is controllers.Assets.versioned — Play's framework Assets controller, external), starter 0→4 (3/4). The flow connects request→route→controller→DAO. A/B (list-computers, n=2/arm): codegraph 0 read / 0 grep / 3 codegraph / 17–22s vs without 2–3 read / 1–2 grep + glob / 16–17s. No-regression: the file-walk change only ADDS Play routes files (narrow match) — excalidraw 9,290 and the full suite (800) unchanged. Residuals (frontier): Play SIRD programmatic routers (-> /v1 v1.PostRouter include + case GET(p"/x") in a Router class — rest-api-example) and Akka actor message→handler (receive { case Msg => … } / Behaviors.receiveMessage — untyped, a synthesizer shape).
• C / C++ (validated 2026-05-23, redis C / leveldb C++) — general dispatch works; a C++ inheritance fix + override bridge. Measure-first: C/C++ DIRECT dispatch is excellent out of the box (redis 29,464 cross-file call edges, leveldb 1,462) — the bulk of the value. The dynamic-dispatch frontier is two shapes: (1) C callback structs (struct {.proc=fn} + cmd->proc()) — but in redis the proc field fans out to 422 command functions, far too noisy to synthesize precisely, so deliberately skipped (per "partial coverage worse than none"). (2) C++ vtables (iter->Next() → the subclass override). The override link was blocked upstream: extractInheritance handled base_clause (PHP) but not C++'s base_class_clause, so C++ extends edges were missing/partial (leveldb 219→298 after the fix). Added a cpp-override synthesizer channel (the C++ analog of react-render): for each extends edge, link each base method → the subclass method of the same name, so trace/callees from the interface method reach the implementation. leveldb 12 precise edges (Iterator::Next/Seek/Prev → MergingIterator), 0 on C (redis) and TS (excalidraw — gated to C++); the C++ override integration test passes. Residual (frontier): pure-virtual base methods (virtual void Next() = 0;) are declarations the extractor doesn't emit as nodes, so overrides of a purely-abstract interface can't be bridged (only bases with a real method node — an inline default or non-pure virtual); plus the C callback-struct fan-out. Relied on deterministic validation (no A/B): the cross-file-call counts + precise override spot-check are conclusive.
• Frontier pass (2026-05-23) — tractable partials closed, noise/hard ones deliberately left. After the main sweep, swept the documented frontiers and triaged by precision/value. DONE: React Router object data-router (literal createBrowserRouter([{path, element}])); Next.js route false-positives (config files + nextjs-pages/ substring → require a real page ext + path-segment match; bulletproof 4→0); Flask-RESTful add_resource→Resource class (redash 6→77); Flask tuple methods=(…); Flask detection broadened to subdir/app-factory entrypoints (flask-realworld 0→19); gorilla/mux confirmed already covered (any-receiver HandleFunc) + a test. LEFT (with rationale, not punts): C callback-struct dispatch (cmd->proc() → 422-way field fan-out = noise); metaprogramming finders (ActiveRecord/Eloquent/Spring-Data-JPA/EF — dynamic naming, no static target); reactive runtimes (Vue Proxy / Compose recomposition — deep internals, no setState-style gate); Akka actor message dispatch (untyped); pure anonymous inline closures (the def-use frontier — no named target); React lazy data-router (variable paths + lazy imports); C++ pure-virtual base methods (extracting bodyless decls risks duplicate decl/def nodes for modest gain). Forcing these would add noise, violating "partial coverage worse than none."
• Difficulty gradient is real: named-ref dispatch (resolver) is cheap; anonymous callback dispatch (synthesizer) is medium; anonymous-arrow handlers are the hard remaining gap (no identity → need synthesizer link-through-body, not yet built).
• Extraction changes are high blast radius. The Phase-3 named-inline-callback extraction is in the shared tree-sitter.ts walker — re-check node counts across several languages after any extraction change (it held at +3 on excalidraw because anonymous arrows are skipped).
• Synthesizer precision guards: registrar-name uniqueness, named-only handlers, and an event fan-out cap (skip generic events like error/change). Receiver-type matching (via type_of edges) is the planned precision upgrade — deferred.
• As-built shortcuts (callback synthesizer): pairs registrar/dispatcher by file+field (class proxy), regex arg-recovery (named refs only), provenance:'heuristic' + metadata.synthesizedBy (the enum has no 'callback-synthesis'). See the design doc.
• Synthesizer runs only in resolveAndPersistBatched (full index) — wire into resolveAndPersist for incremental sync before shipping.
• Symbol ambiguity in trace: common names (render, execute_sql) match many nodes; trace picks among them and may start from the wrong one. Trace from the specific method, not a class name.

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8. Definition of done (the whole mission)

For each language × framework: the canonical flow traces end-to-end, an agent can answer the flow question with Read 0 in at least some runs with the glue present, no node explosion, no regression — recorded in the matrix (§6) with the validating repo + numbers. Then ship-prep: tests per mechanism, CHANGELOG, wire incremental, commit.