fix(db): surface SQLite backend in status + actionable WASM-fallback banner (#148)

Closes the visibility gap behind issues #138 (WASM-on-macOS) and #139
(MCP "database is locked"). `better-sqlite3` is in optionalDependencies,
so when the native build fails npm install still succeeds and the
runtime silently falls back to node-sqlite3-wasm — 5-10x slower and
without WAL, so writers block readers (which is what makes the MCP
server appear to "lock the DB" in #139). The only existing signal was
a one-line `console.warn` to stderr that MCP transports typically
swallow.

This patch does NOT change install behavior — better-sqlite3 stays in
optionalDependencies so cross-platform installs keep working. It just
makes the substitution observable + recoverable.

## Visibility (4 surfaces)

- CLI `codegraph status`: new `Backend:` line under Index Statistics.
  `native` rendered green; `wasm` rendered yellow with an inline
  `npm rebuild better-sqlite3` nudge. Also exposed in `--json` as
  `backend: 'native' | 'wasm'`.
- MCP `codegraph_status`: new `**Backend:**` line. Native form reads
  `native (better-sqlite3)`; wasm form prepends a warning glyph and
  includes the full fix recipe.
- Stderr banner on fallback (`buildWasmFallbackBanner`): replaces the
  bare one-line `console.warn` with a multi-line bordered banner
  covering macOS + Linux fix steps and optionally appending the
  native load error.
- README troubleshooting: new "Indexing is slow / MCP database is
  locked / WASM fallback active" entry that walks users to the
  `Backend:` line and the fix.

## Per-instance backend tracking

`createDatabase` previously set a module-level `activeBackend` global.
MCP can open multiple project DBs in one process via the
`getCodeGraph()` cache, so the global would race / overwrite. Refactor:
`createDatabase` now returns `{db, backend}`, `DatabaseConnection`
carries `private backend` and exposes `getBackend()`, and
`CodeGraph.getBackend()` is the public surface. The CLI and MCP both
call `cg.getBackend()`.

## What this does NOT fix

The root cause of users landing on WASM is environment-specific (Mac
without Xcode CLT, Node version mismatch, etc.) and not fixable in
code without changing the optionalDependencies design. The README
entry tells users what to run; `Backend: native` after rebuild is the
confirmation signal.

## Tests

New `__tests__/sqlite-backend.test.ts` (6 tests) pins the banner
recipe content (so future edits can't strip the recovery commands),
the `WASM_FALLBACK_FIX_RECIPE` constant, and per-instance
`DatabaseConnection.getBackend()` / `CodeGraph.getBackend()` reporting.
Suite: 503 → 509, all passing.

Credit to @andreinknv whose analysis on #138 (and patches on his fork
at 6d0e7a2 + 69f7001) framed the visibility approach.

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

README.md

@@ -439,6 +439,30 @@ The `.codegraph/config.json` file controls indexing:
 
 **Indexing is slow** — Check that `node_modules` and other large directories are excluded. Use `--quiet` to reduce output overhead.
 
+**Indexing is slow / MCP `database is locked` / WASM fallback active** — `codegraph` ships with a WASM SQLite fallback for environments where `better-sqlite3` (a native module, declared as `optionalDependencies`) can't install. The fallback is 5-10x slower than the native backend and uses a journal mode that lets writers block readers, so MCP queries can also hit `database is locked` while indexing runs. Run `codegraph status` and look at the `Backend:` line:
+
+- `Backend: native` — you're on the fast path, nothing to do.
+- `Backend: wasm` — you're on the slow fallback. Common causes: missing C build tools, prebuilt binary unavailable for your Node version, or your Node version changed after install. Fix:
+
+  ```bash
+  # macOS
+  xcode-select --install                                  # installs the C compiler
+
+  # Linux (Debian / Ubuntu)
+  sudo apt install build-essential python3 make
+
+  # Linux (RHEL / Fedora)
+  sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
+
+  # Then rebuild on any platform:
+  npm rebuild better-sqlite3
+
+  # Or force-include as a hard dep:
+  npm install better-sqlite3 --save
+  ```
+
+  After the fix, `codegraph status` should show `Backend: native`.
+
 **MCP server not connecting** — Ensure the project is initialized/indexed, verify the path in your MCP config, and check that `codegraph serve --mcp` works from the command line.
 
 **Missing symbols** — The MCP server auto-syncs on save (wait a couple seconds). Run `codegraph sync` manually if needed. Check that the file's language is supported and isn't excluded by config patterns.